% !Mode:: "TeX:UTF-8"
% !TeX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
% !TeX program = xelatex
% !TeX root = ../root.tex

%% 自定义符号

% 集合
\providecommand{\bbN}{{\mathbb N}} % 自然数
\providecommand{\bbZ}{{\mathbb Z}} % 整数
\providecommand{\bbR}{{\mathbb R}} % 实数
\providecommand{\bbC}{{\mathbb C}} % 复数
\providecommand{\bbF}{{\mathbb F}} % 数域(实数或复数)

\providecommand{\nn}{{n \times n}} % n x n
\providecommand{\bbRn}{{\mathbb{R}^n}} % R^n
\providecommand{\bbRnn}{{\mathbb{R}^{n \times n}}} % R^(nxn)

% 转置
\providecommand{\rmT}{{\mathrm{T}}}
% diag
\providecommand{\diag}{{\operatorname{diag}}}
% tr
\providecommand{\tr}{{\operatorname{tr}}}

% 积分和导数
\providecommand{\dx}{{{\,\mathrm{d}}x}}
\providecommand{\dy}{{{\,\mathrm{d}}y}}
\providecommand{\dz}{{{\,\mathrm{d}}z}}
\providecommand{\dt}{{{\,\mathrm{d}}t}}
\providecommand{\ds}{{{\,\mathrm{d}}s}}
\providecommand{\dtau}{{{\,\mathrm{d}}\tau}}
\providecommand{\ddx}{\frac{\mathrm{d}}{{\mathrm{d}}x}}
\providecommand{\ddy}{\frac{\mathrm{d}}{{\mathrm{d}}y}}
\providecommand{\ddz}{\frac{\mathrm{d}}{{\mathrm{d}}z}}
\providecommand{\ddt}{\frac{\mathrm{d}}{{\mathrm{d}}t}}
\providecommand{\dds}{\frac{\mathrm{d}}{{\mathrm{d}}s}}
\providecommand{\ddtau}{\frac{\mathrm{d}}{{\mathrm{d}}\tau}}

% 希腊字母
\providecommand{\xa}{\alpha}
\providecommand{\xb}{\beta}
\providecommand{\xch}{\chi}
\providecommand{\xd}{\delta}
\providecommand{\xcd}{\Delta}
\providecommand{\xe}{\epsilon}
\providecommand{\xve}{\varepsilon}
\providecommand{\xet}{\eta}
\providecommand{\xg}{\gamma}
\providecommand{\xcg}{\Gamma}
\providecommand{\xio}{\iota}
\providecommand{\xl}{\lambda}
\providecommand{\xcl}{\Lambda}
\providecommand{\xm}{\mu}
\providecommand{\xn}{\nu}
\providecommand{\xo}{\omega}
\providecommand{\xco}{\Omega}
\providecommand{\xp}{\pi}
\providecommand{\xcp}{\Pi}
\providecommand{\xvp}{\varpi}
\providecommand{\xph}{\phi}
\providecommand{\xcph}{\Phi}
\providecommand{\xvph}{\varphi}
\providecommand{\xps}{\psi}
\providecommand{\xcps}{\Psi}
\providecommand{\xs}{\sigma}
\providecommand{\xcs}{\Sigma}
\providecommand{\xvs}{\varsigma}
\providecommand{\xz}{\zeta}
\providecommand{\xr}{\rho}
\providecommand{\xvr}{\varrho}
\providecommand{\xt}{\tau}
\providecommand{\xth}{\theta}
\providecommand{\xcth}{\Theta}
\providecommand{\xvth}{\vartheta}
\providecommand{\xu}{\upsilon}
\providecommand{\xcu}{\Upsilon}
\providecommand{\xx}{\xi}
\providecommand{\xcx}{\Xi}

% 粗体
\providecommand{\bs}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}}

% \bsa~z
\providecommand{\bsa}{\bs{a}}
\providecommand{\bsb}{\bs{b}}
\providecommand{\bsc}{\bs{c}}
\providecommand{\bsd}{\bs{d}}
\providecommand{\bse}{\bs{e}}
\providecommand{\bsf}{\bs{f}}
\providecommand{\bsg}{\bs{g}}
\providecommand{\bsh}{\bs{h}}
\providecommand{\bsi}{\bs{i}}
\providecommand{\bsj}{\bs{j}}
\providecommand{\bsk}{\bs{k}}
\providecommand{\bsl}{\bs{l}}
\providecommand{\bsm}{\bs{m}}
\providecommand{\bsn}{\bs{n}}
\providecommand{\bso}{\bs{o}}
\providecommand{\bsp}{\bs{p}}
\providecommand{\bsq}{\bs{q}}
\providecommand{\bsr}{\bs{r}}
\providecommand{\bss}{\bs{s}}
\providecommand{\bst}{\bs{t}}
\providecommand{\bsu}{\bs{u}}
\providecommand{\bsv}{\bs{v}}
\providecommand{\bsw}{\bs{w}}
\providecommand{\bsx}{\bs{x}}
\providecommand{\bsy}{\bs{y}}
\providecommand{\bsz}{\bs{z}}

% \bsA~Z
\providecommand{\bsA}{\bs{A}}
\providecommand{\bsB}{\bs{B}}
\providecommand{\bsC}{\bs{C}}
\providecommand{\bsD}{\bs{D}}
\providecommand{\bsE}{\bs{E}}
\providecommand{\bsF}{\bs{F}}
\providecommand{\bsG}{\bs{G}}
\providecommand{\bsH}{\bs{H}}
\providecommand{\bsI}{\bs{I}}
\providecommand{\bsJ}{\bs{J}}
\providecommand{\bsK}{\bs{K}}
\providecommand{\bsL}{\bs{L}}
\providecommand{\bsM}{\bs{M}}
\providecommand{\bsN}{\bs{N}}
\providecommand{\bsO}{\bs{O}}
\providecommand{\bsP}{\bs{P}}
\providecommand{\bsQ}{\bs{Q}}
\providecommand{\bsR}{\bs{R}}
\providecommand{\bsR}{\bs{S}}
\providecommand{\bsT}{\bs{T}}
\providecommand{\bsU}{\bs{U}}
\providecommand{\bsV}{\bs{V}}
\providecommand{\bsW}{\bs{W}}
\providecommand{\bsX}{\bs{X}}
\providecommand{\bsY}{\bs{Y}}
\providecommand{\bsZ}{\bs{Z}}

% \calA~Z
\providecommand{\calA}{\mathcal{A}}
\providecommand{\calB}{\mathcal{B}}
\providecommand{\calC}{\mathcal{C}}
\providecommand{\calD}{\mathcal{D}}
\providecommand{\calE}{\mathcal{E}}
\providecommand{\calF}{\mathcal{F}}
\providecommand{\calG}{\mathcal{G}}
\providecommand{\calH}{\mathcal{H}}
\providecommand{\calI}{\mathcal{I}}
\providecommand{\calJ}{\mathcal{J}}
\providecommand{\calK}{\mathcal{K}}
\providecommand{\calL}{\mathcal{L}}
\providecommand{\calM}{\mathcal{M}}
\providecommand{\calN}{\mathcal{N}}
\providecommand{\calO}{\mathcal{O}}
\providecommand{\calP}{\mathcal{P}}
\providecommand{\calQ}{\mathcal{Q}}
\providecommand{\calR}{\mathcal{R}}
\providecommand{\calS}{\mathcal{S}}
\providecommand{\calT}{\mathcal{T}}
\providecommand{\calU}{\mathcal{U}}
\providecommand{\calV}{\mathcal{V}}
\providecommand{\calW}{\mathcal{W}}
\providecommand{\calX}{\mathcal{X}}
\providecommand{\calY}{\mathcal{Y}}
\providecommand{\calZ}{\mathcal{Z}}

% \scrA~Z
\providecommand{\scrA}{\mathscr{A}}
\providecommand{\scrB}{\mathscr{B}}
\providecommand{\scrC}{\mathscr{C}}
\providecommand{\scrD}{\mathscr{D}}
\providecommand{\scrE}{\mathscr{E}}
\providecommand{\scrF}{\mathscr{F}}
\providecommand{\scrG}{\mathscr{G}}
\providecommand{\scrH}{\mathscr{H}}
\providecommand{\scrI}{\mathscr{I}}
\providecommand{\scrJ}{\mathscr{J}}
\providecommand{\scrK}{\mathscr{K}}
\providecommand{\scrL}{\mathscr{L}}
\providecommand{\scrM}{\mathscr{M}}
\providecommand{\scrN}{\mathscr{N}}
\providecommand{\scrO}{\mathscr{O}}
\providecommand{\scrP}{\mathscr{P}}
\providecommand{\scrQ}{\mathscr{Q}}
\providecommand{\scrR}{\mathscr{R}}
\providecommand{\scrS}{\mathscr{S}}
\providecommand{\scrT}{\mathscr{T}}
\providecommand{\scrU}{\mathscr{U}}
\providecommand{\scrV}{\mathscr{V}}
\providecommand{\scrW}{\mathscr{W}}
\providecommand{\scrX}{\mathscr{X}}
\providecommand{\scrY}{\mathscr{Y}}
\providecommand{\scrZ}{\mathscr{Z}}

% \fracA~Z
\providecommand{\frakA}{\mathfrak{A}}
\providecommand{\frakB}{\mathfrak{B}}
\providecommand{\frakC}{\mathfrak{C}}
\providecommand{\frakD}{\mathfrak{D}}
\providecommand{\frakE}{\mathfrak{E}}
\providecommand{\frakF}{\mathfrak{F}}
\providecommand{\frakG}{\mathfrak{G}}
\providecommand{\frakH}{\mathfrak{H}}
\providecommand{\frakI}{\mathfrak{I}}
\providecommand{\frakJ}{\mathfrak{J}}
\providecommand{\frakK}{\mathfrak{K}}
\providecommand{\frakL}{\mathfrak{L}}
\providecommand{\frakM}{\mathfrak{M}}
\providecommand{\frakN}{\mathfrak{N}}
\providecommand{\frakO}{\mathfrak{O}}
\providecommand{\frakP}{\mathfrak{P}}
\providecommand{\frakQ}{\mathfrak{Q}}
\providecommand{\frakR}{\mathfrak{R}}
\providecommand{\frakS}{\mathfrak{S}}
\providecommand{\frakT}{\mathfrak{T}}
\providecommand{\frakU}{\mathfrak{U}}
\providecommand{\frakV}{\mathfrak{V}}
\providecommand{\frakW}{\mathfrak{W}}
\providecommand{\frakX}{\mathfrak{X}}
\providecommand{\frakY}{\mathfrak{Y}}
\providecommand{\frakZ}{\mathfrak{Z}}

% \bbA~Z
\providecommand{\bbA}{\mathbb{A}}
\providecommand{\bbB}{\mathbb{B}}
\providecommand{\bbC}{\mathbb{C}}
\providecommand{\bbD}{\mathbb{D}}
\providecommand{\bbE}{\mathbb{E}}
\providecommand{\bbF}{\mathbb{F}}
\providecommand{\bbG}{\mathbb{G}}
\providecommand{\bbH}{\mathbb{H}}
\providecommand{\bbI}{\mathbb{I}}
\providecommand{\bbJ}{\mathbb{J}}
\providecommand{\bbK}{\mathbb{K}}
\providecommand{\bbL}{\mathbb{L}}
\providecommand{\bbM}{\mathbb{M}}
\providecommand{\bbN}{\mathbb{N}}
\providecommand{\bbO}{\mathbb{O}}
\providecommand{\bbP}{\mathbb{P}}
\providecommand{\bbQ}{\mathbb{Q}}
\providecommand{\bbR}{\mathbb{R}}
\providecommand{\bbS}{\mathbb{S}}
\providecommand{\bbT}{\mathbb{T}}
\providecommand{\bbU}{\mathbb{U}}
\providecommand{\bbV}{\mathbb{V}}
\providecommand{\bbW}{\mathbb{W}}
\providecommand{\bbX}{\mathbb{X}}
\providecommand{\bbY}{\mathbb{Y}}
\providecommand{\bbZ}{\mathbb{Z}}

% \bara~z \barA~Z
\providecommand{\bara}{\bar{a}}
\providecommand{\barb}{\bar{b}}
\providecommand{\barc}{\bar{c}}
\providecommand{\bard}{\bar{d}}
\providecommand{\bare}{\bar{e}}
\providecommand{\barf}{\bar{f}}
\providecommand{\barg}{\bar{g}}
\providecommand{\barh}{\bar{h}}
\providecommand{\bari}{\bar{i}}
\providecommand{\barj}{\bar{j}}
\providecommand{\bark}{\bar{k}}
\providecommand{\barl}{\bar{l}}
\providecommand{\barm}{\bar{m}}
\providecommand{\barn}{\bar{n}}
\providecommand{\baro}{\bar{o}}
\providecommand{\barp}{\bar{p}}
\providecommand{\barq}{\bar{q}}
\providecommand{\barr}{\bar{r}}
\providecommand{\bars}{\bar{s}}
\providecommand{\bart}{\bar{t}}
\providecommand{\baru}{\bar{u}}
\providecommand{\barv}{\bar{v}}
\providecommand{\barw}{\bar{w}}
\providecommand{\barx}{\bar{x}}
\providecommand{\bary}{\bar{y}}
\providecommand{\barz}{\bar{z}}

\providecommand{\barA}{\bar{A}}
\providecommand{\barB}{\bar{B}}
\providecommand{\barC}{\bar{C}}
\providecommand{\barD}{\bar{D}}
\providecommand{\barE}{\bar{E}}
\providecommand{\barF}{\bar{F}}
\providecommand{\barG}{\bar{G}}
\providecommand{\barH}{\bar{H}}
\providecommand{\barI}{\bar{I}}
\providecommand{\barJ}{\bar{J}}
\providecommand{\barK}{\bar{K}}
\providecommand{\barL}{\bar{L}}
\providecommand{\barM}{\bar{M}}
\providecommand{\barN}{\bar{N}}
\providecommand{\barO}{\bar{O}}
\providecommand{\barP}{\bar{P}}
\providecommand{\barQ}{\bar{Q}}
\providecommand{\barR}{\bar{R}}
\providecommand{\barS}{\bar{S}}
\providecommand{\barT}{\bar{T}}
\providecommand{\barU}{\bar{U}}
\providecommand{\barV}{\bar{V}}
\providecommand{\barW}{\bar{W}}
\providecommand{\barX}{\bar{X}}
\providecommand{\barY}{\bar{Y}}
\providecommand{\barZ}{\bar{Z}}

% \hata~z \hatA~Z
\providecommand{\hata}{\hat{a}}
\providecommand{\hatb}{\hat{b}}
\providecommand{\hatc}{\hat{c}}
\providecommand{\hatd}{\hat{d}}
\providecommand{\hate}{\hat{e}}
\providecommand{\hatf}{\hat{f}}
\providecommand{\hatg}{\hat{g}}
\providecommand{\hath}{\hat{h}}
\providecommand{\hati}{\hat{i}}
\providecommand{\hatj}{\hat{j}}
\providecommand{\hatk}{\hat{k}}
\providecommand{\hatl}{\hat{l}}
\providecommand{\hatm}{\hat{m}}
\providecommand{\hatn}{\hat{n}}
\providecommand{\hato}{\hat{o}}
\providecommand{\hatp}{\hat{p}}
\providecommand{\hatq}{\hat{q}}
\providecommand{\hatr}{\hat{r}}
\providecommand{\hats}{\hat{s}}
\providecommand{\hatt}{\hat{t}}
\providecommand{\hatu}{\hat{u}}
\providecommand{\hatv}{\hat{v}}
\providecommand{\hatw}{\hat{w}}
\providecommand{\hatx}{\hat{x}}
\providecommand{\haty}{\hat{y}}
\providecommand{\hatz}{\hat{z}}

\providecommand{\hatA}{\widehat{A}}
\providecommand{\hatB}{\widehat{B}}
\providecommand{\hatC}{\widehat{C}}
\providecommand{\hatD}{\widehat{D}}
\providecommand{\hatE}{\widehat{E}}
\providecommand{\hatF}{\widehat{F}}
\providecommand{\hatG}{\widehat{G}}
\providecommand{\hatH}{\widehat{H}}
\providecommand{\hatI}{\widehat{I}}
\providecommand{\hatJ}{\widehat{J}}
\providecommand{\hatK}{\widehat{K}}
\providecommand{\hatL}{\widehat{L}}
\providecommand{\hatM}{\widehat{M}}
\providecommand{\hatN}{\widehat{N}}
\providecommand{\hatO}{\widehat{O}}
\providecommand{\hatP}{\widehat{P}}
\providecommand{\hatQ}{\widehat{Q}}
\providecommand{\hatR}{\widehat{R}}
\providecommand{\hatS}{\widehat{S}}
\providecommand{\hatT}{\widehat{T}}
\providecommand{\hatU}{\widehat{U}}
\providecommand{\hatV}{\widehat{V}}
\providecommand{\hatW}{\widehat{W}}
\providecommand{\hatX}{\widehat{X}}
\providecommand{\hatY}{\widehat{Y}}
\providecommand{\hatZ}{\widehat{Z}}

% \tlda~z \tldA~Z
\providecommand{\tlda}{\tilde{a}}
\providecommand{\tldb}{\tilde{b}}
\providecommand{\tldc}{\tilde{c}}
\providecommand{\tldd}{\tilde{d}}
\providecommand{\tlde}{\tilde{e}}
\providecommand{\tldf}{\tilde{f}}
\providecommand{\tldg}{\tilde{g}}
\providecommand{\tldh}{\tilde{h}}
\providecommand{\tldi}{\tilde{i}}
\providecommand{\tldj}{\tilde{j}}
\providecommand{\tldk}{\tilde{k}}
\providecommand{\tldl}{\tilde{l}}
\providecommand{\tldm}{\tilde{m}}
\providecommand{\tldn}{\tilde{n}}
\providecommand{\tldo}{\tilde{o}}
\providecommand{\tldp}{\tilde{p}}
\providecommand{\tldq}{\tilde{q}}
\providecommand{\tldr}{\tilde{r}}
\providecommand{\tlds}{\tilde{s}}
\providecommand{\tldt}{\tilde{t}}
\providecommand{\tldu}{\tilde{u}}
\providecommand{\tldv}{\tilde{v}}
\providecommand{\tldw}{\tilde{w}}
\providecommand{\tldx}{\tilde{x}}
\providecommand{\tldy}{\tilde{y}}
\providecommand{\tldz}{\tilde{z}}

\providecommand{\tldA}{\widetilde{A}}
\providecommand{\tldB}{\widetilde{B}}
\providecommand{\tldC}{\widetilde{C}}
\providecommand{\tldD}{\widetilde{D}}
\providecommand{\tldE}{\widetilde{E}}
\providecommand{\tldF}{\widetilde{F}}
\providecommand{\tldG}{\widetilde{G}}
\providecommand{\tldH}{\widetilde{H}}
\providecommand{\tldI}{\widetilde{I}}
\providecommand{\tldJ}{\widetilde{J}}
\providecommand{\tldK}{\widetilde{K}}
\providecommand{\tldL}{\widetilde{L}}
\providecommand{\tldM}{\widetilde{M}}
\providecommand{\tldN}{\widetilde{N}}
\providecommand{\tldO}{\widetilde{O}}
\providecommand{\tldP}{\widetilde{P}}
\providecommand{\tldQ}{\widetilde{Q}}
\providecommand{\tldR}{\widetilde{R}}
\providecommand{\tldS}{\widetilde{S}}
\providecommand{\tldT}{\widetilde{T}}
\providecommand{\tldU}{\widetilde{U}}
\providecommand{\tldV}{\widetilde{V}}
\providecommand{\tldW}{\widetilde{W}}
\providecommand{\tldX}{\widetilde{X}}
\providecommand{\tldY}{\widetilde{Y}}
\providecommand{\tldZ}{\widetilde{Z}}

